By reacting hydrogen peroxide with a strong oxidizing agent, such as the permanganate ion, MnO 4 -. By heating potassium chlorate KClO 3 in the presence of a catalyst until it decomposes. Because sulfur is directly below oxygen in the periodic table, these elements have similar electron configurations. As a result, sulfur forms many compounds that are analogs of oxygen compounds, as shown in the table below. Examples in this table show how the prefix thio - can be used to indicate compounds in which sulfur replaces an oxygen atom.
These seemingly minor differences have important consequences for the chemistry of these elements. As a result, it is harder for sulfur atoms to come close enough together to form bonds. Double bonds between sulfur and oxygen or carbon atoms can be found in compounds such as SO 2 and CS 2 see figure below. But these double bonds are much weaker than the equivalent double bonds to oxygen atoms in O 3 or CO 2.
Elemental oxygen consists of O 2 molecules in which each atom completes its octet of valence electrons by sharing two pairs of electrons with a single neighboring atom.
S 8 molecules can pack to form more than one crystal. The most stable form of sulfur consists of orthorhombic crystals of S 8 molecules, which are often found near volcanoes.
If these crystals are heated until they melt and the molten sulfur is then cooled, an allotrope of sulfur consisting of monoclinic crystals of S 8 molecules is formed. These monoclinic crystals slowly transform themselves into the more stable orthorhombic structure over a period of time. The tendency of an element to form bonds to itself is called catenation from the Latin catena , "chain".
Because sulfur forms unusually strong S-S single bonds, it is better at catenation than any element except carbon. As a result, the orthorhombic and monoclinic forms of sulfur are not the only allotropes of the element. Allotropes of sulfur also exist that differ in the size of the molecules that form the crystal. Cyclic molecules that contain 6, 7, 8, 10, and 12 sulfur atoms are known. Sulfur melts at If this liquid is heated to o C, it turns into a dark red liquid that cannot be poured from its container.
The viscosity of this dark red liquid is times greater than that of molten sulfur because the cyclic S 8 molecules open up and link together to form long chains of as many as , sulfur atoms. This is not the only product that can be obtained, however. A variety of polysulfide ions with a charge of -2 can be produced that differ in the number of sulfur atoms in the chain. Because sulfur is much less electronegative than oxygen, it is more likely to form compounds in which it has a positive oxidation number see table below.
In theory, sulfur can react with oxygen to form either SO 2 or SO 3 , whose Lewis structures are given in the figure below. Corribus Chemist Sr. I'm not sure what Mr is supposed to be. But the reason is because the O-O sigma bond is very weak, and the S-S pi bond is very weak. Can you think of why? What men are poets who can speak of Jupiter if he were like a man, but if he is an immense spinning sphere of methane and ammonia must be silent?
Quote from: Corribus on December 01, , AM. N-N single bonds are also fairly unstable for a similar reason. On the other hand, S-S pi bonds are very unstable but the S-S single bond is reasonably stable. This explains why O does not form linear chains but S does. This should tell you nicely why carbon sigma chains are ubiquitous, but nitrogen and oxygen chains are not. Now, the real question is: can you explain the explanation?
Why are these bond energies as they are? This issue is a lot more severe than in tetraphosphorus, and leads to ring opening. For further information on sulfur allotropes see the Wikipedia article. Trisulfur or thiozone is significantly present in the gas phase of sulfur at high temperature and has been studied by rotational spectroscopy as reported in The Rotational Spectrum and Geometrical Structure of Thiozone J. There is evidence that the cyclic form can exist as a ligand of a transition metal complex, as reported in Transition Metal Complexes of Cyclic and Open Ozone and Thiozone J.
According to this reference, early calculation incorrectly showed the cyclic form to be more stable for both ozone and thiozone "due to the fact that electron correlation plays an important role in these molecules, especially in the open form". All other chains have similar benefits and penalties. The larger the ring, the greater the entropic cost for formation in a growing chain model. Sign up to join this community. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top.
Stack Overflow for Teams — Collaborate and share knowledge with a private group. Create a free Team What is Teams? Where does sulfur come from? Source: Sulfur deposits are found naturally in areas around hot springs and in volcanic regions. It is also widely found in nature as iron pyrites iron sulfide , galena lead sulfide , gypsum calcium sulfate , Epsom salts magnesium sulfate and many other minerals.
What are elements and compounds? Elements are substances like hydrogen and oxygen that can't be split into simpler substances. A substance like water, that is made up of two or more elements, is called a compound. What is a compound? Compounds are usually very different from the elements that have combined together to make them.
Is s8 an atom or molecule? Examples are hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and so on. The chemical formulas for these molecules are H2, O2, N2, S8, etc. It is relatively easy to identify a molecule of an element; all of the atoms in the molecular formula will be identical. Is s8 giant covalent? Silicon Giant covalent lattice Break strong covalent bonds. Is o2 an element? To write a pair of oxygen atoms using symbols, we use the symbol O and the number 2.
Oxygen would be O2. Molecules of most elements are made up of only one of atom of that element.
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