Its leaders hope that if it keeps up the pressure, both overt and covert, it will eventually make the Middle East a region not worth America's effort to stay engaged in, militarily.
Hence the frequent rocket attacks on US bases and Iran's support for civil protest calling for US troops to leave. An agreement that sees the end of US combat operations in Iraq will be seen by many in Tehran as a step in the right direction. Image source, Anadolu Agency. Iraq's prime minister says there is no need for any foreign combat forces on Iraqi soil.
Iraqis suffer as US-Iran shadow war shifts gear. This video can not be played To play this video you need to enable JavaScript in your browser.
Advantage Iran? Related Topics. Iraq United States Islamic State group. A new constitution for the country was ratified that October. On November 6, , Saddam Hussein was found guilty of crimes against humanity and sentenced to death by hanging. After an unsuccessful appeal, he was executed on December 30, No weapons of mass destruction were found in Iraq.
The U. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! In an attempt to lift the state out of the hard times of the Great Depression, the Nevada state legislature votes to legalize gambling. Located in the Great Basin desert, few settlers chose to live in Nevada after the United States acquired the territory at the end of the Mexican This marked the first time an all-black starting five had won the NCAA championship.
The top-ranked University of In the spring of , Elvis Presley was completing his second Hollywood movie, Loving You, and his first movie soundtrack album. Mahdi Army militiamen killed at least 40 Sunnis during house searches and at phony checkpoints in Baghdad.
On July 11, a double suicide bombing near the entrance to the Green Zone killed more than 50 people. Prime Minister Maliki rejected suggestions that Iraq was falling into civil war despite deepening violence. On July 17, a shooting and mortar attack in Mahmoudiyah, a predominantly Shia city, killed at least 40 people.
The attack marked several days of intensifying violence in retaliation for the July 9 Mahdi Army killings. July was the deadliest month for civilians since violence erupted, according to the Iraqi Health Ministry.
Nearly 3, Iraqis—or an average of Iraqis per day—were killed that month, although the United Nations said the body count was higher. More than half of the deaths occurred in the Baghdad area. The United States increased troop deployments on an emergency basis, despite hopes earlier in the year for a partial withdrawal.
Masri and Abu Omar al-Baghdadi, another al-Zarqawi successor, led the new group. On October 20, the U. In an act of revenge, Shia militiamen burned six Sunnis alive after they left Friday prayers. An Iraqi special tribunal sentenced Saddam Hussein to death for the killing of Shias in the town of Dujail.
On December 30 , Hussein was executed by hanging for crimes against humanity. The parallel was to give Iraqi leaders time and space to forge political reconciliation. Between January 16 and March 27, a wave of sectarian bombings in Baghdad killed hundreds of Sunnis and Shias. On March 30, the U. Senate set March 31, as a goal for the complete withdrawal of U. On April 1, President Talabani said al-Sadr had ordered his Mahdi Army to stand down after six weeks of the new security push by joint U.
On April 18,car bombings by ISI killed more than people. On June 10, U. The al Askari mosque in Samarra was bombed for the second time, destroying its minarets. More than were killed in the deadliest attack to date.
Shia and Kurdish leaders formed a political coalition to support Prime Minister Maliki after a Sunni faction quit the coalition government on August 1. On August 29, al-Sadr suspended military operations by his Mahdi Army militia for six months after street battles with Iraqi forces in Karbala. Seven Americans were killed, making the deadliest year for U. On December 16, British forces handed over security for Basra province to Iraqi forces, ending five years of British control of southern Iraq.
After the surge of U. The organization lost the majority of its leaders, cells, and capabilities. Fighting broke out between the government and militias. On May 11, the government agreed to a ceasefire with al-Sadr. The United States transferred administrative and operational control over the Sunni Awakening Council militias to the Iraqi government.
The government also assumed security control over Anbar province. But the security situation worsened in the neighboring city of Mosul. In October, some 13, Christians fled threats and killings attributed to Sunni extremists. On January 5, the United States opened a new embassy in the Green Zone, one of the largest it had ever built.
President Obama announced a plan to end the U. By June 30, U. On July 31, the last British troops withdrew from Iraq to Kuwait. ISI claimed responsibility for a series of bombings. Among the biggest was an August 19 bombing in Baghdad that killed more than An October 25 bombing in Baghdad killed more than On December 10, five suicide bombings in Baghdad killed at least Iraq held its second parliamentary elections since the U.
No single coalition came close to winning majority seats. A new government was not formed because of political gridlock that played out over several issues for eight months.
Maliki served as a caretaker prime minister. Iraqi security forces, with the support of U. Baghdadi had participated in the Sunni insurgency against U. A series of coordinated attacks carried out by ISI kill more than people in Baghdad and other cities across Iraq. President Obama officially ended the seven-year U. The last U. Iraqi President Jalal Talabani asked Maliki, the incumbent prime minister, to form a new government. On December 21, Parliament approved a new government , inclusive of all major political parties and ethnic groups, just four days before a constitutional deadline.
Political infighting had delayed the formation process. Shia cleric Moqtada al-Sadr returned to Iraq after three years of voluntary exile in Iran. Some 23 people were killed. The government issued an arrest warrant for Vice President Tariq al Hashemi, a Sunni, for alleged ties to a group responsible for assassinations and bombings.
The Sunni al Iraqiya bloc boycotted parliament, and its nine ministers stopped attending cabinet meetings, marking a rise in sectarian tensions. Iraqiya lawmakers ended their boycott in late January , and Iraqiya ministers rejoined the cabinet in February Attacks on Shia areas in Baghdad, Basra and Nasiriyah killed more than The campaign continued through July Massive protests spread throughout Iraq in Fallujah, Ramadi, and Anbar province, all Sunni-majority areas.
Tens of thousands of Sunnis demonstrated against the Shia-dominated government of Maliki. The Sunni insurgency intensified across Iraq. Sectarian violence , kidnappings, and bombings escalated levels not seen since and But the leader of the Nusra Front, Julani, rejected the merger and instead declared allegiance to al-Qaida.
Up to civilians were killed and at least were injured. Such incidents fueled the surge of ISIS in the area the following year. Iraqi Kurdistan held parliamentary elections for the first time in 22 years. These attacks were the first in the city since It was not pleased with the duplication of its missions, and thus ordered its suspension.
For the next four months, political gridlock delayed formation of a new government. With much fanfare, it declared the failure of colonial borders defined by Europeans in the Sykes-Picot agreement a century earlier. Tens of thousands of men, mostly Shia, joined new and old armed groups, many supported by Iran. More than 60 armed groups eventually merged under the PMF umbrella. They were dominated by Shias and often Iranian-backed, but they also included some Sunnis and Christians.
They became pivotal fighters in the war against ISIS which helped them attain the status that allowed them to fight alongside the Iraqi armed forces. ISIS was accused of extensive human rights abuses, including rape of Yazidi women and mass executions.
ISIS also seized Mosul dam, a critical piece of infrastructure responsible for controlling the flow of the Tigris River and supplying electricity to more than a million people.
Prime Minister Maliki resigned. Some contributed warplanes for aerial strikes, others logistical support or trainers. A member of a U. On December 10, U. Supporters of al- Sadr broke into the Green Zone and stormed Parliament. Protesters demanded a new government to fight corruption after weeks of political gridlock and turmoil because parties insisted on appointing ministers along sectarian lines.
Iraqi forces, aided by U. On June 26,the Iraqi army retook Fallujah. OnOctober 28, ISIS fighters used tens of thousands of men, women and children as human shields in Mosul to prevent Iraqi troops from advancing. The vote was unanimous. On November 15, an Iraqi interior ministry spokesman announced that one-third of eastern Mosul had been liberated.
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