Both disorders are affected by levels of neurotransmitters chemical messengers in the brain, including serotonin , dopamine , and norepinephrine. Though the exact cause of anxiety disorders is still unknown, researchers suspect a combination of factors, including:. Various factors can increase the risk of developing depression, including:. Healthcare providers diagnose the many different types of anxiety and depression according to symptoms, causes, and duration.
If you have symptoms of depression or an anxiety disorder, talk to your healthcare provider. They will start by taking a complete medical history and conducting a physical examination. Clinicians use screening tools and questionnaires to assess people for depression. Healthcare providers and mental health professionals are specially trained to administer and interpret the results of these questionnaires.
The different subtypes of depression come with their own sets of diagnostic criteria in the DSM You will be asked if you've experienced persistent feelings of sadness, low mood, and loss of interest in your usual activities for at least two weeks. You will also be asked about your sleep, appetite, and if you've had any thoughts of suicide.
While there is no definitive test for anxiety, if symptoms are present and persistent, your healthcare provider may conduct a physical assessment and diagnostic tests to rule out potential medical causes. If no physical illness is found, you will be referred to a mental health professional to be evaluated for an anxiety disorder. They will use the DSM-5 to determine if you have an anxiety disorder.
The diagnostic criteria for each anxiety disorder are different. Depression and anxiety are treatable, whether they occur together or separately. Most people benefit from psychotherapy talk therapy , medication, or a combination of these. For treating depression and anxiety, there are several types of talk therapy.
One of the most researched is cognitive behavioral therapy CBT , which improves self-awareness of negative thoughts or behavior patterns. CBT is used to treat anxiety and depression, but the treatment itself can vary slightly based on the condition.
A group of medications known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors SSRIs have been shown to be helpful for both anxiety and depression. Other medications that may be used depending on the individual's symptoms include:.
If your symptoms are mild, self-help interventions can be a reasonable place to start. Some self-care tips for people with anxiety and depression include:. A combination of medications, self-care, and therapy may be effective for treating depression and anxiety. Anxiety and depression are not always preventable, but you can take steps to control or reduce your symptoms, and reduce the risk of recurrence. These include getting enough sleep, eating a healthy diet, and practicing regular self-care activities.
Other actions that may help prevent these conditions from developing, or prevent them from getting worse, include:. People who experience depression and anxiety often face prejudice due to the stigma attached to mental health disorders. Research has shown that stigma leads to delays in treatment.
It also reduces the chance that a person with mental illness will receive appropriate and adequate care. It's important to remember that you aren't alone, and that there is no reason to feel ashamed or embarrassed for having a mental health condition.
Here are some tips to help address the stigma associated with mental illness:. Depression and anxiety are very common disorders, and they may be mistaken for one another due to an overlap of symptoms. Talk with your healthcare provider if you begin to experience signs of anxiety or depression and these feelings or changes last longer than two weeks.
Finding the right treatment may take some time. Your healthcare provider will work with you to find the best option. Everyone is at risk of experiencing depression or anxiety at some point in their lives, but studies show that women and adults under the age of 35 are more likely to experience anxiety than other groups. The proportion of adults who experienced any symptoms of depression was highest among those ages 18 to Anti-anxiety medications have also been shown to reduce anxiety among patients.
Note that you may need to try medication for six to eight weeks before you notice fuller effects. Anxiety disorders can mimic depression, so misdiagnosis is common. The two conditions can also coexist, further confusing the diagnostic process. A study carried out in a primary care setting found misdiagnosis rates reached Be sure to communicate all your symptoms to your healthcare provider to ensure the most accurate diagnosis is reached.
Anxiety involves feeling tense, nervous, or unable to relax, with a persistent sense of dread or fear. Physically, you may have a churning feeling in your stomach, feel lightheaded or dizzy, and have rapid breathing or a fast heartbeat. The classic signs of depression include feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and worthlessness, but some people with depression also feel restless or irritable, have trouble concentrating, and struggle to sleep and eat.
Sign up for our Health Tip of the Day newsletter, and receive daily tips that will help you live your healthiest life. Anxiety and Depression Association of America.
Emotional roles of mono-aminergic neurotransmitters in major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders. Front Psychol. Cleveland Clinic. Anxiety vs. Updated July The relationship between burnout, depression, and anxiety: a systematic review and meta-analysis. American Psychiatric Association.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Fifth Edition. Being in a prolonged state of stress and anxiety or constantly triggering your fight or flight response can have major consequences on your health. Depression and anxiety are treatable, whether they occur together or separately. Most people benefit from psychotherapy talk therapy , cognitive-behavioral therapy CBT medication or a combination.
Education and transparency are some of the biggest ways to diminish the stigma that surrounds mental health so that people suffering can get the help they need. If you or someone you know needs help, reach out to a mental health expert or connect with a resource or support group, such as:. Learn more about vaccine availability. Advertising Policy. You have successfully subscribed to our newsletter. These are:. Psychological therapies involve talking through your thoughts and feelings with a qualified professional.
An example is cognitive behavioural therapy CBT. CBT aims to address the way your thoughts, feelings and behaviours interact. Medicines called antidepressants are used for both conditions and are effective for many people. The most common ones are called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors SSRIs. But there are lots of others the doctor might try. Treatment will often involve a combination of both psychological therapies and medicines.
This will be tailored to the individual and their situation. The doctor may also look to address lifestyle issues as part of the treatment, if they think these may be contributing to the depression or anxiety.
So generalised anxiety disorder and depression are two different conditions. But you can see why they are often mentioned together. They have overlapping symptoms, can happen together and have similar treatments. Learn more today.
Our short survey takes just a few minutes to complete and helps us to keep improving our healthy lifestyle articles. This information was published by Bupa's Health Content Team and is based on reputable sources of medical evidence. It has been reviewed by appropriate medical or clinical professionals and deemed accurate on the date of review. Photos are only for illustrative purposes and do not reflect every presentation of a condition. Any information about a treatment or procedure is generic, and does not necessarily describe that treatment or procedure as delivered by Bupa or its associated providers.
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Pablo Vandenabeele. What do the terms anxiety and depression mean? Depression is really one illness. It has lots of different symptoms see below.
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